Economic sanctions are measures imposed by governments or international organizations to restrict trade, financial transactions, or other economic activities with a targeted country, organization, or individual. These sanctions are typically implemented as a response to certain behavior or policies deemed undesirable by the sanctioning entity. The aim of economic sanctions is to influence or coerce a change in behavior, compel the target to comply with internationally accepted norms or laws, or as a punitive measure.

Economic sanctions can take various forms, including trade embargoes, import or export restrictions, financial restrictions, sectoral sanctions (such as targeting specific industries like oil or arms), or asset freezes. These measures can impact the targeted economy by limiting its access to international markets, hindering foreign investments, destabilizing domestic financial systems, and potentially causing economic hardships for the affected population.

References:
1. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics – Economic Sanctions: This comprehensive article provides an in-depth analysis of economic sanctions, including their forms, goals, effectiveness, consequences, and impact on target countries. It also discusses the theoretical foundations, historical context, and various issues related to economic sanctions.
URL: https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-4

2. U.S. Department of the Treasury – Sanctions Programs and Country Information: This official website offers a wealth of information on economic sanctions imposed by the United States. It provides detailed information about current sanctions programs, including lists of sanctioned individuals, entities, and countries. It also includes guidance, regulations, and compliance resources for those wishing to learn more about the implementation and impact of economic sanctions.
URL: https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/sanctions-programs-and-country-information