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Tanker vessels

Tanker vessels, also commonly referred to as tankers, are large ships designed to transport vast quantities of liquids or gases in bulk. Predominantly, these vessels are used for carrying petroleum products such as crude oil, gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, but they can also transport chemicals, vegetable oils, and other liquid commodities. Tanker vessels come […] Read More

Synergies

Synergies refer to the combined effect achieved by multiple elements, such as companies, systems, or processes, working together that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. In the context of energy commodities trading and business at large, synergies often arise from merging or collaborating businesses where the result is an increase in performance […] Read More

Syndicated trade finance facilities

Syndicated trade finance facilities refer to a form of finance where a group of financial institutions, usually banks, work together to provide a borrower with a credit facility for trading goods or commodities. This type of financing is often required for larger transactions or projects that may be too sizable or risky for a single […] Read More

Sulphur

Sulphur, often spelled sulfur in the United States, is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16. Recognizable by its bright yellow color when in crystalline form, sulphur is a non-metal and is abundant and versatile. It’s an essential element for all life and is found in amino acids, which are the […] Read More

Supply chain

Supply chain refers to the network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers. In the context of energy commodities, the supply chain encompasses all the stages ranging from the extraction of raw materials (such as oil, natural gas, or coal), transport, refining, storage, and distribution […] Read More

Structured financing capabilities

**Structured Financing Capabilities** Structured financing refers to the sophisticated and intricate financial instruments and techniques used for the purpose of mitigating complex financing problems not easily addressed by standard financial solutions. It involves the use of financial engineering to create customized arrangements that fulfill specific needs related to risk management, funding, and asset securitization for […] Read More

Solar

Solar In the context of energy commodities and power generation, “solar” refers to the utilization of energy from the sun to produce electricity or heat. This process is harnessed through various technologies, most notably photovoltaic (PV) cells or solar panels, which convert sunlight directly into electricity. Another method is concentrated solar power (CSP), which uses […] Read More

Self-liquidating

Self-liquidating is a term used in finance and trading to describe a transaction or investment that generates sufficient cash flow to repay or justify the initial capital outlay. In the context of energy commodities trading, this term can refer to a financing arrangement where the sale proceeds of the commodity are used to pay off […] Read More

Renewable Energy Directive (REDII)

Renewable Energy Directive (REDII) refers to the European Union’s directive (2018/2001/EU), which is a revision of the initial Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC). REDII sets out a common framework for the promotion of energy from renewable sources. It came into force on December 24, 2018, and it establishes an EU-wide renewable energy target of at least […] Read More

Renewables

**Renewables** Renewables, short for renewable energy sources, refer to energy that is collected from resources that are naturally replenished on a human time scale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and emit greenhouse gases when burned, renewables provide a cleaner and more sustainable option for […] Read More

Regasification

Regasification is the process of converting liquefied natural gas (LNG) back into its gaseous form so that it can be used as fuel for heating, electricity generation, or as an industrial feedstock. LNG is natural gas that has been cooled down to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport. It takes […] Read More

Refined base metals

Refined base metals are non-ferrous metals that have been processed and purified to a considerable degree from their natural, mined states. These metals, which include copper, aluminum, nickel, lead, zinc, and tin, are essential components in various industries due to their conductive, malleable, and corrosion-resistant properties. The refining process, which often involves techniques such as […] Read More

Polymer modified asphalt

Polymer Modified Asphalt (PMA) is an enhanced form of asphalt used in road construction and maintenance that incorporates polymers into the asphalt mix to improve performance. Standard asphalt, derived from the petroleum refining process, can be prone to various performance issues such as cracking in cold temperatures, softening in hot temperatures, and degradation from ultraviolet […] Read More

Polymer modified bitumen

Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) refers to a blend of traditional bitumen with polymers to enhance the performance characteristics of the asphalt. By incorporating polymers, often styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), or other elastomers and plastomers, the resulting product exhibits improved elasticity, cohesion, and resistance to deformation. PMB is particularly effective in resisting ruts and cracks, […] Read More

Penetration graded bitumen

Penetration graded bitumen is a classification of bitumen based on its hardness or consistency, which is measured by the depth (in tenths of a millimeter) that a standard needle penetrates vertically into a sample of bitumen at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius under a specific load for a specific duration. This is known as […] Read More

Paper positions

Paper Positions In the context of energy commodities trading, the term “paper positions” refers to the trading of contracts like futures, options, and swaps, rather than the actual physical commodity. These contracts are financial instruments that give the buyer the right or the obligation to buy or sell a commodity at a future date for […] Read More

Panama Canal

**Panama Canal** The Panama Canal is a man-made waterway that spans the Isthmus of Panama, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It was constructed to provide a shorter and faster maritime route for ships, avoiding the lengthy and hazardous Cape Horn route at the southern tip of South America. The canal extends approximately 50 miles […] Read More

Optionality

Optionality refers to the feature embedded in certain financial contracts that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to execute a transaction at a predetermined price, within a specified timeframe. In the context of energy commodities trading, this often pertains to options contracts on commodities like oil, natural gas, coal, or electricity. Holders […] Read More